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Cultivated plant taxonomy is the study of the theory and practice of the science that identifies, describes, classifies, and names cultigens—those plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity. Cultivated plant taxonomists do, however, work with all kinds of plants in cultivation. Cultivated plant taxonomy is one part of the study of horticultural botany which is mostly carried out in botanical gardens, large nurseries, universities, or government departments. Areas of special interest for the cultivated plant taxonomist include: searching for and recording new plants suitable for cultivation (plant hunting); communicating with and advising the general public on matters concerning the classification and nomenclature of cultivated plants and carrying out original research on these topics; describing the cultivated plants of particular regions (horticultural floras); maintaining databases, herbaria and other information about cultivated plants. Much of the work of the cultivated plant taxonomist is concerned with the naming of plants as prescribed by two plant nomenclatural Codes. The provisions of the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (''Botanical Code'') serve primarily scientific ends and the objectives of the scientific community, while those of the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'' (''Cultivated Plant Code'') are designed to serve both scientific and utilitarian ends by making provision for the names of plants used in commerce — the cultigens that have arisen in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. These names, sometimes called variety names, are not in Latin but are added onto the scientific Latin names, and they assist communication among the community of foresters, farmers and horticulturists. The history of cultivated plant taxonomy can be traced from the first plant selections that occurred during the agrarian Neolithic Revolution to the first recorded naming of human plant selections by the Romans. The naming and classification of cultigens followed a similar path to that of all plants until the establishment of the first ''Cultivated Plant Code'' in 1953 which formally established the cultigen classification category of cultivar. Since that time the classification and naming of cultigens has followed its own path. ==Distinctive characteristics== Cultivated plant taxonomy has been distinguished from the taxonomy of other plants in at least five ways. Firstly, there is a distinction made according to ''where the plants are growing'' — that is, whether they are wild or cultivated. This is alluded to by the ''Cultivated Plant Code'' which specifies in its title that it is dealing with ''cultivated plants''. Secondly, a distinction is made according to ''how the plants originated''. This is indicated in Principle 2 of the ''Cultivated Plant Code'' which defines the scope of the Code as "... ''plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to the intentional actions of mankind''"〔Cultivated Plant Code 〕 — plants that have evolved under natural selection with human assistance.Thirdly, cultivated plant taxonomy is concerned with plant variation that requires the use of special classification categories that do not conform with the hierarchy of ranks implicit in the ''Botanical Code'', these categories being the cultivar, Group and grex (which are only loosely equivalent to ranks in the ''Botanical Code''). This feature is also referred to in the Preamble to the ''Cultivated Plant Code'' which states that "''The purpose of giving a name to a taxon is not to indicate its characters or history, but to supply a means of referring to it and to indicate to which category it is assigned.''"〔Cultivated Plant Code 〕 Fourthly, cultivated plant taxonomy serves a particular community of people: the ''Botanical Code'' focuses on the needs of plant taxonomists as they attempt to maintain order and stability for the scientific names of all plants, while the ''Cultivated Plant Code'' caters for the needs of people requiring names for plants used in the commercial world of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Finally, the difference between cultivated plant taxonomy and the taxonomy of other plants has been attributed to the purpose for which the taxonomy has been devised, it being plant-centred in the ''Botanical Code'' and human-centred in the ''Cultivated Plant Code''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cultivated plant taxonomy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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